Lower back

The lower part of the spine, also known as the lumbar spine, represents the lower section of the spinal column and includes five lumbar vertebrae, labeled L1 to L5. These structures are larger and stronger than the vertebrae higher up the spine, as they bear most of the weight of the upper body and are essential for structural support, mobility, and protection of the spinal cord. The lower spine allows for bending, extension, and rotation of the torso, while also absorbing shocks during physical activity. Due to its key role and exposure to stress, this part of the spine is often subject to injuries and conditions such as disc herniation, sciatica, and degenerative disc diseases.

How can physiotherapy help you?

Physiotherapists play a crucial role in addressing various conditions and problems associated with the lower spine. Here are some common issues they encounter in this area:

• Sciatica: this is pain radiating along the path of the sciatic nerve from the lumbar spine down to the leg. It is often caused by a pinched nerve due to a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.
• Herniated disc: in a herniated disc, the intervertebral disc bulges or ruptures, pressing on nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs.
• Degenerative disc disease: this condition describes the natural aging process of the spinal discs, which can lead to reduced spinal mobility and pain.
• Lumbar spinal stenosis: a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lumbar region that can put pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness, especially when walking.
• Facet joint syndrome: inflammation or wear of the facet joints in the spine, which allow spinal flexibility and movement. This can cause pain and limited movement.
• Muscle spasms: sudden, intense cramps in the muscles of the lower back can cause acute pain and restricted movement.